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Pulmonary
Hypertension
Definition
Pulmonary hypertension is a rare blood vessel disorder of
the lung in which the pressure in the pulmonary artery (the blood
vessel that leads from the heart to the lungs) rises above normal
levels and may become life-threatening. Symptoms of pulmonary
hypertension include shortness of breath with minimal exertion, fatigue,
chest pain, dizzy spells and fainting. When pulmonary hypertension
occurs in the absence of a known cause, it is called primary pulmonary
hypertension (PPH). This term should not be construed to mean
that, because it has a single name, it is a single disease. There
are many unknown causes of PPH. PPH is rare, occurring in about
two persons per million population per year.
Secondary pulmonary hypertension (SPH) means
the cause is known. Common
causes of SPH are the breathing disorders emphysema and bronchitis.
Other less frequent causes are the inflammatory or collagen vascular
diseases such as scleroderma, CREST syndrome, or systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE). Congenital heart diseases that cause shunting of extra
blood through the lungs like ventricular and atrial septal defects,
chronic pulmonary thromboembolism (old blood clots in the pulmonary
artery), HIV infection, liver disease and diet drugs like fenfluramine
(phen-fen) and dexfenfluramine are also causes of pulmonary hypertension.
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